In order to connect to the MySQL server, it is required to give the username and password. To start the mysql program type its name in the command- line prompt. Your MySQL connection id is to server version: 3.
It is used to start the mysql server. Connecting to the MySQL server; selecting a database; disconnecting from the server. Checking for errors. Issuing queries and retrieving results. Using prepared statements and placeholders in queries. Including special characters and NULL values in queries. Handling NULL values in result sets. Establishing a connection to the MySQL server. Selecting a database. Disconnecting from the server. What are the two ways in which Warnings can be suppressed in PHP?
First, to prevent an individual function call from producing an error message, put the warning suppression operator in front of its name. What are the categories of SQL Statements? Statements that do not return a result set. This will allow access to the data by the field names. What are the two types of methods for retrieving rows in Python? Fetchone - Returns the next row as a sequence Fetchall - Returns the entire result set as a sequence of sequences.
What are the benefits of prepared statements and placeholders? Parameter binding operations automatically handle escaping of characters Encourage Statement reuse Easier to read.
What are the ways of obtaining the connection parameters? Hardwire the parameters into the program. Ask for the parameters interactively. Get the parameters from the command line. Get the parameters from the execution environment. Get the parameters from a separate file. Use a combination of methods.
SELECT gives you control over several aspects of record retrieval: Which table to use Which columns to display from the table What names to give the columns Which rows to retrieve from the table How to sort the rows. What is the keyword which can be used to combine column values? How can you map NULL values to other values while display?
They are especially useful for catching divideby-zero operations and mapping them onto something else. LIMIT is used for the following kinds of problems: 1 Answering questions about first or last, largest or smallest 2 Splitting a result set into sections so that you can process it one piece at a time.
What are the advantages of copying records from one table to another? When an algorithm that modifies a table is used then it is safer to work with the copy When the original table is large then it takes large time to work with so it is better to work with the which takes less time The data-loading operations that may be malformed when used with original table can go with the copy to ensure safety The summary operations when repeatedly done over the original table are expensive so copy can be used to print the summary which is not expensive as original table.
What is the use of creating such tables? How can you create temporary tables? When you need a table only for a short time, then you want it to disappear automatically you can go to create a temporary table. What are the disadvantages of creating a temporary table?
If you've already created a temporary table with a given name, attempting to create a second one with that name results in an error. What are the properties of Strings? Strings can be case sensitive or not , which can affect the outcome of string operations. You can compare entire strings, or just parts of them by extracting substrings. You can apply pattern-matching operations to look for strings that have a certain structure. What are the types of Strings?
For binary strings, the characters A and a are considered different. For non-binary strings, they're considered the same. Give Examples of various type of Date and Time formats. It is most common to store dates using a dash - as the delimiter and a colon : as the time delimiter. The Following formats can also be used. Why do you go for sorting your query results? When you select rows, the MySQL server is free to return them in any order, unless you instruct it otherwise by saying how to sort the result.
Define Aggregate functions and what are aggregate functions supported by the MySQL To compute a summary value from a set of individual values, use one of the functions known as aggregate functions. These are so called because they operate on aggregates groups of values. What are the types of information available in MySQL? Information about tables and databases: This includes information pertaining to the structure of tables and databases.
Information about the MySQL server: This includes current status of database server, version number etc. Define Sequence A sequence is a set of integers 1, 2, 3, Sequences are frequently used in databases because many applications require each row in a table to contain a unique value, and sequences provide an easy way to generate them.
What is PHP? PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor and is a server-side language. This means that when a visitor opens the page, the server processes the PHP commands and then sends the results to the visitor's browser, just as with ASP. What can PHP do for you? PHP offers plenty of possibilities: PHP is appropriate whenever you want your pages to be created dynamically when the browser requests the page. For example, you can display date, time, and other information in different ways.
PHP will make your website more dynamic in content and a heck of a lot easier to update. PHP makes it easy to customize a Web page to make it more useful for individual users. With PHP you can set cookies, manage authentication, and redirect users. One of PHP most powerful features is database access. With PHP it is possible to access over 19 different types of databases and manipulate data within those databases based on input from the user via a web page.
PHP makes it easy to send e-mail, work with newsgroups, and actually open a connection to another web site -- and get or send data with it.
Define Variable. A variable is a holder for a type of data. So, based on its type, a variable can hold numbers, strings, Booleans, objects, resources or it can be NULL.
The dollar sign is not technically part of the variable name, but it is required as the first character for the PHP parser to recognize the variable as such. What are the variable naming conventions in PHP? PHP variables may only be comprised of alpha-numeric characters and underscores.
One important thing to note if you are coming from another programming language there is no size limit for variables. What are the scopes of variables in PHP? The scope of a variable, which is controlled by the location of the variables declaration, determines those parts of the program that can access it. There are four types of variable scope in PHP: Local - A variable declared in a function is local to that function.
Global - Variables declared outside a function are global. That is, they can be accessed from any part of the program. Static - A static variable retains its value between calls to a function but is visible only within that function. Function parameters - Function parameters are local, meaning that they are available only inside their functions. Define constant and what is the main difference between the variable and the constant Constants just as variables are used to store information.
The main difference between constants and variables is that constant value cannot be changed in the process of running program. What are the data types available in PHP? PHP provides eight types of values, or data types. Define expressions and operators. An expression is a bit of PHP that can be evaluated to produce a value. The simplest expressions are literal values and variables.
A literal value evaluates to itself, while a variable evaluates to the value stored in the variable. More complex expressions can be formed using simple expressions and operators. An operator takes some values the operands and does something for instance, adds them together. What are the different types of Operators based on the number of operands it takes? Most operators in PHP are binary operators; they combine two operands or expressions into a single, more complex expression.
PHP also supports a number of unary operators, which convert a single expression into a more complex expression. Finally, PHP supports a single ternary operator that combines three expressions into a single expression. Define Operator Precedence, operator associativity and casting The order in which operators in an expression are evaluated depends on their relative precedence. Associativity defines the order in which operators with the same order of precedence are evaluated. The conversion of a value from one type to another is called casting.
What are the types of operators available in PHP? Define Function A function is a named block of code that performs a specific task, possibly acting upon a set of values given to it, or parameters, and possibly returning a single value.
What are the types to pass parameters to the function? There are two different ways of passing parameters to a function. The first, and more common, is by value. The other is by reference. Define Passing parameters by values and reference When a parameter is passed by value, the compiler passes the actual value to the called procedure.
Proprietary Software:- Any program that is copyrighted and has restrictions on usage, distribution, and modification imposed by its publisher, vendor, or creator is considered proprietary software. Key Points. Disk defragmenter:- Windows Disk Defragmenter reorganizes fragmented data so that your disks and drives run more effectively. Freeware:- Freeware is software that is accessible for free or for a small fee, but it is usually but not always closed source and has one or more limited usage rights.
This is an example for open source software. Shareware:- Shareware is commercial software that is offered to users for free with the intention of eventually demanding or encouraging users to pay for the product's continuous support. Start Learning. So, Yoctel Chronon is designed to make things easier; test paper generator software the advanced question bank that enables you to improve the quality of your questions and assessments.
It is a platform where a large number of questions are created and maintained in an Offline mode or online mode. So, when the students appear for exam the software randomly selects the questions from the question bank and a set of question paper ready for them to perform the exam with various SETS as per requirement of the organization.
Your own question paper generator software that has unique solutions in creating your own question bank and holds the capacity to generate the question paper in just a fraction of time.
Chronon is exclusively used for creating tests and question papers not only for objective questions but for subjective exams too. It is a platform where you can accumulate and reservthe questions in one place and can be re used for future endeavor as and when required.
The best thing is that you can organise your bank according to your needs and requirements. Further Test Paper Generator software not only generates different sets of questions randomly selected from the question bank but also shuffles the questions so that each student gets different set of questions.
This avoids malpractices during exams. With the help of shuffling one can create multiple sets of questions and the exams are smoothly run in a fair and organized manner. The software has encrypted features that are user friendly that anyone can operate it. It is easily affordable and one can easily make his question bankrepository and can replenish the same with upcoming changes in syllabus and enrich the same as n when required.
The software is embedded with the facility to cater the question paper in bilingual languages such as Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, Tamil and many other except Urdu. Moodle is also one of the most trusted, secure and easy to use software available in the market. This software can also be used to create customizable websites with online courses for educators and trainers to achieve learning goals.
Moodle online assessment software can also be scaled depending on the number of people using it. So, its suitable for managing a bunch of few students in a coaching institute or hundreds of employees in a large organization.
Move your school into online school with Indian video conferencing app. TAO is an online exam software with open source for computerized test taking. In addition, it is an open source exam software which provides a modular framework for collaborative test development with features like subject management, group management and result management.
TAO online exam tool is a multilingual application which also ensures subscription management between different modules. You can assign tests to a group of examinees for different subject modules and later export the results available in the form of tables to MS excel files.
TAO open source online exam software is available in three editions: Community, premium and enterprise. While the community edition is available free of cost, the other two can be availed with a few additional features by paying certain amount. Kaldin open source exam software provides services to schools, colleges and corporate companies. It generates instant test results and backs up data in every 30 minutes. Kaldin application is highly secure and customizable. There are two kinds of users that can operate both IT admin and general user.
The teachers and lecturers can log in as admin also. They can add question or deny access, whereas, a student can only log in as a general user. You can also find various question categories with ready-made and customizable questions on Kaldin. You can schedule an exam by specifying the exam date, inviting users and announcing it via email. This online test conducting software also releases new versions every month with new features and enhancements.
You can also get instant real-time results and reports after completion of your test. Check Kaldin Software Demo. Papershala open source online exam software that completes all your needs with respect to education; be it online examination or student analysis.
It is platform independent and can run on desktop, tablet and mobile with different operating systems.
It has a multifunctional question bank and a student dashboard where students can check their subject-wise results and their overall performance. The advantages of using Papershala free online testing platform is that your account can get activated or deactivated in just one click and you are able to check your results immediately after taking the exam.
You can run the exam in your domain or you can use the free domain available with Papershala. Whether you are a school teacher or a company HR, you can now create exams with enhanced graphics and multimedia.
You can also use auto-grading and create visually rich reports Edbase open source and free online exam software. It supports both online tests and paper tests. You can also conduct surveys and quizzes with this software. Check Edbase Software Demo. Manage end-to-end online examination process with Mercer Mettl online testing software.
This open source exam management system makes tasks like test creation, centre management and student registration easier. The software helps with examination management for both, classroom learning and distance learning.
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